Garyaqaan Cali Siciid Jaamac

Ururka Qareennada Somaliland (SOLLA) ayaa maanta si rasmi ah u daah-furey munaasabadda Maalinta Qareennada Somaliland, taas oo halku-dheggeeduna sannadkan yahay:“Caddaalad Xuduudaha aan xuduud lahayn” (Justice Beyond Borders), Munaasabaddan oo ka qabsoontay Aar-cafe hotel, Hargeisa ayaa waxaa ka soo qayb-galay hogaanka iyo maamulka Ururka Qareennada Somaliland, qareenno, masuuliyiin ka socda dawlada aqoonyahanno, ururrada bulshada rayidka ah iyo daneeyayaasha kale ee ka shaqeeya horumarinta caddaaladda iyo sharciga.

Ujeeddada munaasabadda oo ah daah-furka maalinta Qareennada Somaliland si la xoojiyo doorka qareennadu ku leeyihiin ilaalinta sarreynta sharciga, difaaca xuquuqda aadanaha iyo horumarinta helitaanka caddaalad loo siman yahay. Munaasabadda daah-furka Waxaa ka soo qayb galay masuuliyiin iyo marti sharaf kala duwan oo ay ka mid ahaayeen:

Prof. Maxamuud Xuseen Faarax• Xubno kamida aasaasayaashii ururka Qareennada

Xubno kamida hogaanka Ururka Qareenad JSL

Madaxa xafiiska xidhiidhka caalamiga ah ee Ururka Qareennada Somaliland

Xafiiska Xeer-ilaalinta qaranka Somaliland

Guddoomiyaha Ururka Qareennada Somaliland (SOLLA) Guddoomiyaha Ururka Suxufiyiinta Somaliland (SOLJA),

Agaasimaha Guud ee Wasaaradda Caddaaladda Somaliland

Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka komissionka Maamul Wanaagga Somaliland.

Masuuliyiinta ka soo qayb-galay Munaasabadda oo hadallo muhiim ah ka jeediyey waxaa ugu horeyn halkaasi ka hadlay Prof. Maxamuud Xuseen Faarax, oo ka hadlay muhiimadda ay leedahay xirfadda qareennimada, madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo doorka qareennadu ku leeyihiin ilaalinta caddaaladda iyo dimuqraadiyadda. Guddoomiyaha Ururka Suxufiyiinta Somaliland (SOLJA), oo carrabka ku adkeeyey muhiimadda iskaashiga ka dhexeeya warbaahinta iyo hay’adaha caddaaladda si loo kobciyo isla-xisaabtanka, hufnaanta iyo wacyigelinta bulshada. Masuuliyiintii hadallada ka jeediyey munaasabadda ayaa iftiimiyey kaalinta muhiimka ah ee Ururka Qareennada Somaliland ku leeyahay horumarinta xirfadda qareennimada, bixinta adeegyada kaalmo sharci, kor u qaadidda aqoonta sharciga iyo taageeridda dib-u-habaynta nidaamka caddaaladda ee dalka. Garyaqaan Cabdiraxmaan Cali oo kamida xubnaha ururka Qareennada isagoo ka hadlay ahmiyadda ay leedahay maalintan iyo sooyaalkii taariikheed ee dhismaha ururka Qareennadu soo maray. Garyaqaan fardouse Mohamuud Cali oo kamida xubnaha hogaanka Ururka Qareennada Somaliland oo ka hadashay ahmiyadda ay maalinta u leedahay dhamaan Qareennada Somaliland isla-markaan waxay soo jeedisay in maalinta danbe lagu soo bandhigo dhacdooyinka cadaaladeed ee ka dhaca dalka.

Ku-xigeenka xeer Ilaaliyaha guud Garyaqaan Cali Oday, Garyaqaan wuxuu xusay ahmiyadda ay leeyihiin Garyaqaannadu cadaalada, ilaalinta xuquuqda bulshada iyo in ay muhiim tahay soo saarida qoraalka wacyigelinta sharci ee bulshada. Agaasimaha xidhiidhka caalamiga ah ee Ururka Qareennada Somaliland ee SOLLA Garyaqaan Jamaal wuxuu tilmaamay muhiimadda ay leedahay maalintan Qareennada Somaliland isagoo uga mahad naqay Guddoomiyaha iyo hoggaanka ururkaba astaynta maalinta Qareennada ee 31 May,

Guddoomiyaha ururka Qareennada JSL Garyaqaan Xasan Cali Xasan ayaa daah-furey aasaasidda maalinta Qareennada Somaliland ujeedad iyo muhiimadda ay leedahay iyo sobabta looga dhigay in ay noqoto bishan May isagoo xusey in ay bishan tahay Bishii lagu dhawaaqey dib-ula-soo noqoshadee xornimadii Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland iyo sidoo kale 31 May in tahay maalintii la ansixiyey dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland sobabahasi darteed in maanta oo taariikhdu tahay 31 May ay noqoto maalinta Qareennada Somaliland.

Intaas kadibna waxaa lagu soo dhaweeyey si uu kalmada Furitaanka daah-furey maalinta Qareennada Somaliland uga yidhaahdo munaasibadda Agaasimaha guud ee Wasaaradda Caddaaladda Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland Md. Maxamuud Cabdirisaaq Cabdi, agaasimuhu wuxuu xusey in uu ku faraxsan yahay ka soo qayb-galka munaasabadda Maalinta Qareennada Somaliland ee uu soo qaban-qaabiyeen Ururka Qareennada Somaliland ee SOLLA, Agaasimuhu wuxuu intaa ku daray in ay go’an tahay xoojinta wada-shaqaynta ka dhaxaysa guud ahaan bahda caddaaladda iyo garsoorka gaar ahaan in ay diyaar u yihiin wada-shaqaynta ururka Qareennada Somaliland iyo Wasaaradda. Intaas kadib Agaasimaha Guud wuxuu si rasmi ahu furey daah-furey munaasabadda Maalinta Qareennada Somaliland gaba-gabadiin waxaa lagu soo dhaweeyey Guddoomiye ku xigeenka komishanka maamul Wanaaga Qaranka Somaliland isagoo Guddoomiyaha xusay ahmiyadda ay leedahay daah-furey maalinta Qareennada Somaliland sidoo kale wuxuu intaas ku daray ilaalinta xirfadda qareennimada u leedahay qaranka iyo wada-shaqaynta bahda caddaaladda iyo bahda garsoorka. Ugu danbayna Ka qaybgalayaashu waxay xaqiijiyeen sida ay uga go’an tahay xoojinta wada-shaqaynta ka dhexaysa hay’adaha garsoorka, qareennada, hay’adaha dawladda iyo bulshada rayidka ah si loo helo nidaam caddaaladeed oo loo wada siman yahay, hufan, isla markaana daboolaya baahiyaha bulshada. Munaasabadda ayaa ku soo dhammaatay baaq lagu adkaynayo midnimada bahda qareennada iyo sii wadista dadaallada lagu horumarinayo caddaaladda, sarreynta sharciga iyo ilaalinta xuquuqda muwaadiniinta, iyadoo la fulinayo himilooyinka ku suntan halku-dhegga sannadkan ee “Caddaalad Xuduudaha lahayn.”

Ururka Qareennada Somaliland Ee (SOLLA) ayaa Maalintii labaad ee tababarka lagu horu-marinayo adeegyada kaalmada sharciga oo ka socday Hotel EMPIRIAL Hargeysa si rasmiya u gabagabeeyay maanta.

Tabarkaas oo diiradda lagu saarayay horumarinta xirfadaha qareennada, kaaliyeyaasha sharciga iyo dhiirrigeliyeyaasha caddaaladda si loo xoojiyo adeegyada Legal Aid-ka ee bulshada loo fidiyo.Tababarka oo ay wado Ururka Qareennada Somaliland (SOLLA) ayaa lagu falanqeeyey hababka casriga ah ee adeegyada sharci loogu gaadhsiin karo dadka danyarta ah, iyadoo la adkaynayo wada shaqaynta hay’adaha caddaaladda iyo kor u qaadista aqoonta ka qaybgalayaasha.

Hadabd, waxaa maanta lagu oo gaba-gabeeyey kulankaasi Waxaana xidhitaanka kulankaasi ka qayb galay xubno hoggaanka ururka Qareenada Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland ka tirsan iyo prof. Siciid oo ahaa macalinkii bixinayey tababarka iyo xubno maamulka ururka Qareenada ee SOLLA kamid iyo xubnihii tababar qaadanayey.

Ugu danbeyntii waxaa soo xidhay kulankaasi garyaqaan Yuusuf libaan Cumar Isagoo marka hore u mahadceliyey, cid kasta oo ka soo qayb qaataday diyaarinta qorshaha tobabrkan sida hogaanka iyo maamulka ururka Qareennada JSL ee SOLLA, Hay’adaha UNDP iyo EU wuxuu kale oo u mahad naqay macalinkii tababarka bixinayey Wuxuu kale oo uu xusey ahmiyada uu lahaa tababarkan xubnaha qaatay iyo muhuumadda uu qaranka Somaliland u leeyahay. Iyo baahida loo qabo in tobabradda noocan ahi u leeyihiin xirfadlayaasha sharci iyo adeegayasha kaalimada sharci. Isagoo ku soo xidhay ahmiyadda fulinta waajibaadka dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland uu ay kamid tahay bixinta adeega kaalimada sharci ee la siinayo dadka aan awoodin in ay iska bixiyaan xushmadda qareenka

Garyaqaan Muuse Yuusuf Maxamed.

Member of the Somaliland Lawyers Association SOLLA.Hargeisa

Dad badan ayaa taariikhda ka bilaaba 1991 kii ama 1993 taas oo aniga aan ila sax ahayn maadaama Dalkan iyo dadkani lahaayeen taariikh ka qoto Dheer inta muuqata oo si uun loo xabaalay, ama looga tagay mid wacan iyo mid xunba,Inaga mawduuceenu maaha taas ee waa taariikh sharci oo guud mar ah, lana xidhiidha nidaamkii doorasho ee u gaarka ah Jamhuuriyadda SomalilandDalka Somaliland waxa uu lahaa xeerar uu gaar ahaan oo maxmiyaddii Ingiriisku sameeyay kuwaas oo lagu soo doortay golihii wakiilada ee ugu horreeyay ee Somaliland yeelato February 1960 kii golihii ka horeeyay kaas oo isugu jiray Somalilanders iyo xubno Ingiriis ahaa iyo xubnihii golayaasha deegaanada Somaliland Xeerarka waxaa ka mid ahaa “The Local Government Councils Ordinance, 1953 (Ordinance No. 1 of 1953)’ (Burao Local Government Council Warrant), kaas oo la soo saaray sanadkii 1957, waa xeer-nidaamiye lagu dabaqayay Xeerkii Golayaasha Deegaanka ee 1953, Iyo somaliland legislative council elections ordinary law No.8 and 9 1958/1959, iyo Burao Council: General Notice No. 68/1957.Waxa ugu horeeyay dalka jamhuuriyada Somaliland dastuur uu gaar u yeesho “Markii xornimada la qaatay 26-kii Juun 1960, waxaa dhaqan-galay Dastuurkii u horreeyay ee Dawladda madax-bannaan ee Somaliland. Dastuurkaas oo ku lifaaqnaa Xeerka Golaha ee Ingiriiska iyo Somaliland ee 1960 (S.I 1060 ee 23-kii Juun 1960). Dastuurkan oo ka koobnaa 53 qodob iyo lifaaq, wuxuu muhiim u yahay inuu astaan u yahay maqaamka gaarka ah ee sharciyeed ee ay Somaliland u lahayd dawlad madax-bannaan oo madax-bannaanideeda u dhammaystiran tahay, inkasta oo ay ahayd muddo kooban.”Halkaas ayaan kaga hadhaa taariikhdii murugada badnayd ee dalka iyo dadka somaliland ku jireen 1960 ilaa January 1991. Kadib markii aynu lunay 1 July 1960 kii.Maxaa xigay Aan ku socono.Dalka Somaliland markii uu qaatay go’aankii qaran 1991 ee ee Dib uma soo noqoshadii gobonimada Waxa si ku meel gaadh ah loogags sii dhaqmaayay xeerarkii dawladihii hore ee aan ka hor imanayn shareecada Islaamka iyo go’aanka qaranka Somaliland iyo intii kolba laga guuraayay mid Hadaba aynu u baydhno mawduuceena inta aynaan sii durkinee, sanadkii 1993 waxaa magaalada Boorame ee gobolka Awdal isugu tagay wax garadka Somaliland waxaana lagu qabtay shirweynihii labaad ee beelaha Somaliland kaas oo socday 24kii Jeniwary ilaa 25kii May 1993.Shirkaas waxa lagu Sameeyay laguna Ansixiyay Dastuurkii koobaad ee ay yeelato Somaliland intii ay madax banaanideeda lasoo noqotay.Waxaana loo bixiyay “Axdi qarameed”Qaranka somaliland axdi qarameed kaasi waxa uu dhigay in uu yahay laba sano oo ku meel gaadh ah wuxuu ka koobnaa 31 qodob.Qodobkiisa 5aad waxa lagu sheegay in muddo laba sano ah lahu sameeyo dastuur dhameystiran oo loo sameeyo afti qaran,Halka uu Qodobkiisa 18aad faqradihiisa 3aad xarafka (j) isna lagu sheegay in la sameeyo tirakoob guud.axdi qarameedkii la qaatay waxa ku jirayLaba qodob oo mawduuceena khuseeya kuwaas oo kala ah1. in la sameeyo Dastuur rasmiya iyo 2. In la sameeeyo tirakoob qaran Qodobka hore Inkasta oo uu dib u dhacay dhawr jeer hadan waa waxaa lagu guuleystay 31 may 2001, Markii la sameeyay dastuurka rasmiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland Lakiin qodobka danbe wali ma hirgalin, oo wali lama samayn Tirakoob guud.Hindisihii Samaynta dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda iyadoo la fulinayoQodobbada 5aad iyo 31aad ee axdi qarameedkii lagu ansixiyay shirweynihii labaad ee beelaha Somaliland ee Boorame 1993.Golaha Wakiillada Somaliland iyagoo raacaya qodobka 5aad ee axdi qarameedkii dalka waxay badhtamihi sanadkii 1994 kii ay uu saareen guddi ka kooban 10 Xildhibaan, waxa iyaguna kusoo biiray guddi kale oo ka koobnaa 25 xubnood oo ka kala socday qaybaha kala duwan ee bulshada, oo la talin iyo caawin siinayay xubnaha Golaha wakiilada ee hawshaas hayay. Isna Madaxweyne Cigaal ayaa soo magacaabay Sharciyaqaan uu dhashay dalka Suudaan, kaas oo shaqadiisu ahayd in uu ka caawiyo samaynta dastuurkaLabadii Sanno ee Axdi qarameedku u qabtay samayntii dastuurka waxay ku ekeyd 25/04/1995, Maadaama hawshii Dastuurku aanay dhameyn waxay Baarlamaanku muddo kordhin 18 Bilood ah u sameeyeen samayta dastuurka. Hasayeeshee waxa la keenay shirweynihii saddexaad ee beelaha Somaliland ee ka qabsoomay magaalada Hargeysa intii u dhaxaysay 16 Octobar 1996 ilaa 23 February 1997. laba nuqul oo midi yahay kii ay soo diyaariyeen gudidi golaha wakiiladu uu saareen Dastuurka Iyo mid ka yara duwan oo soodaanigi ka soo sameeyay wax ka bedelka iyo kaabista uu ku sameeyay nuqulka Gudida Dastuurka,Kadib Shirgudoonkii Shirweynaha ayaa 26-kii November 1996, u saaray guddi ka kooban 15 xubnood in ay labada nuqul inay kala shaandheeyaan labada nuqul, kana soo diyaariyaan hal nuqul oo rasmi ah,Gudidaasi waxay shirkii keeneen Hal Nuqul oo Dastuur ah kana kooban 156 qodob. Shirweynihii waxaa uu Ansixiyay 16-kii February 1997 in muddo saddex sannadood oo ku meel gaadh ah lagu dhaqmo Dastuurkaas.kadib Shirweynihii saddexaad ee beelaha Somaliland labada gole Baarlamaan ee wakiilada iyo guurtidu guddi ka kooban 24 xubnood oo 11 guurtida ah iyo 13 wakiilada ah u saareen Dib u diyaarinta dastuurka waxaanay badhtamihii sanadkii 1999 mar soo saareen Dastuur ka kooban 99 qodob, hasayeeshee lama qaybin oo markii la arkay ayay dadbani ka muujiyeen saliid kadibna waxa lagu sameeyay wax ka bedel iyo kaabis. 16-kii February 2000 ayay mudadii ku meel gaadhka ahayd ee Dastuurku ku dhamaatay.Ķadib labada gole baarlamaan ayaa u sameeyay muddo kordhin hal 1 sano ah, iyadoo mar kalena loo sameeyay muddo kordhin dastuurka, ilaa loo qaadayay aftidii.Ugu dambeyntii bishi March waxa labada gole Baarlamaan soo gaadhay Dastuur ka kooban 130 qodob. 30kii April 2000 laba gole baarlamaan ayaa fadhi wada jir ah ku ansixiyay Cod aqlabiyad ah nuqulkii dastuurka.07 May 2000 Shir-guddoonaddii labada gole Baarlamaan ayaa madaxweynihii wakhtigaas ee somaliland u gudbiyey 5 nuqul oo ah Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland ee labada gole ansixiyay oo ay ku saxeexan yihiin Shir-guddoonadda labada gole.Si waafaqsan Dastuurka labada gole Baarlamaan soo ansixiyay Qodobkiisa 125 waxa golaha xukuumaddu u gudbiyey golayaasha baarlamaanka Xeerkii Aftida Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland “Xeer LR.16/2000”. Kaas oo Dhaqan galay 12 November 2000, Madaxweyne Cigaal ayaa magacaabay gudida Aftida Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland, si waafaqsan xeer LR.16/2000, Qodobkiisa 11aad.Kadib dhawr jeer oo muddo kordhin loo sameeyay hirgalinta aftida dastuurkaWaxaa la daabacay 12000 nuqul oo dastuurka ah, Waxaa la sameeyay wacyi-gelin loo mariyay Dadweynaha Saxaafadda sida Radio Hargeysa, wargeysyada Jamhuuriya, iyo maandeeq, labada Television ee SLNTV iyo SLSC, Boodhadh iyo warqado lagu dhajiyay goobaha dadweynuhu ku kulmaan, Ugu danbeyn waxaa la geeyay agabka codeynta 600 oo goobood guud ahaan dalka Somaliland .31 May 2001 Ayaa Dalka Somaliland looga dareeray Cod bixinta Aftida Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland,Waxa Natiijada kumeel gaadh ka ahayd Guddidii Aftida Dastuurku Shaacisay 13 june 2001 Maxkamadda sare Ayaa Go’aan Maxkamaddeed ku meel marisay Natiijadii Rasmiga ahayd ee Codbixinta Aftida Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland Shaacisay 14 June 2001 Madaxweyne Maxamed Haji Ibrahim Egal Ayaa Saxeexay Kuna Faafiyay Wareegto Madaxweyne oo lahayd tixraac REF: JSL/M/DEC/222-0129/72001 Dhaqan Galka Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland.Intii u dhaxaysay Ansixinta labada gole iyo Aftida Dastuurka.Waxaa la sameeyay xeerka nidaamka ururada siyaasadda iyo ansixinta xisbiyada no.14 waxa la sameeeyay oo uu dhaqan galay iyadoo aan afti loo qaadin Dastuurka, sidoo kale isla xeerkaas ayaa isna lagu sii dhaqmay iyadoo la magacaabay Guddida diwaan-gelinta ururada siyaasadda iyo ansixinta xisbiyada qaranka. Xeerka waxa wax ka bedel iyo kaabis lagu sameeyay Tiraba sadex jeer, Xeerka ku xigay ee nidaamka doorashooyinka khuseeya waxa uu noqday xeerka doorashooyinka madaxtooyada iyo golayaasha deegaanka xr lr 20/2001Xeerkaas waxa wax kabadal iyo kaabis lagu sameeeyay tiraba 5 jeerWaxaa isna xeerkii aaddexaad ee nidaamka dimuqraadiyada inags anfaca ee la sameeeyo noqday Xeerka Doorashada Golaha Wakiilada xeer lr 2/20/2005,.Xeerkan waxaa wax ka bedel iyo kaabis lagu sameeyay 1 mar kaliya, Xeerkii afraad ee dhanka doorashooyinka inaga anfacay ee la sameeyay waxa uu noqday Xeerka Diwaan-gelinta Codbixiyayaasha Xeer lr 37/2007Hadaba markii la soo gaadhay sanadkii 2019 waxa bilaabmay fikrada ah in la isku uruuriyo oo mid kaliya laga dhigo xeerarka doorashooyinka marka laga reebo xeer no14.Sanadkii 2020 ayaa la soo saaray xeerarkii doorashooyinka oo la isugu geeyay hal buug kaas oo loo bixiyay “Xeerka Guud ee Doorashooyinka iyo Diwaan-gelinta Codbixiyayaasha lr 91/ 2020″Xeerkaas waxa wax ka bedel iyo kaabis lagu sameeeyay mar kaliya kaas oo qaatay wakhti badan keenayna khilaaf badan Ugu danbayn waxa Xeerkani waxa uu golayaasha baarlamaanka iyo fulinta ku dhax wareegayay 2022 ilaa 2024 oo uu dhaqan galayWaxaynu Halkan ku wadaagi doonaa Qormooyin Taariikhda Doorashooyinka iyo Shuruucda Doorashooyinka Somaliland.Intani waa hordhac kooban

Garyaqaan Muuse Yuusuf Maxamed.

Member of the Somaliland Lawyers Association SOLLA.

Hargeisa

Many people start history from 1991 or 1993, which I do not believe is correct, as this country and its people have a history much deeper than what is apparent—one that has been buried in some way or neglected, whether good or bad. Our topic, however, is not that; rather, it is a general legal history related to the unique electoral system of the Republic of SomalilandSomaliland had its own specific laws created during the British Protectorate, through which the first Legislative Council of Somaliland was elected in February 1960. The council preceding it consisted of both Somalilanders and British members, as well as members of the Somaliland local government councils.Among these laws were “The Local Government Councils Ordinance, 1953 (Ordinance No. 1 of 1953)” and the (Burao Local Government Council Warrant), which was issued in 1957; this was a regulatory warrant applied under the Local Government Councils Ordinance of 1953. Additionally, there were the Somaliland Legislative Council elections ordinary laws No. 8 and 9 of 1958/1959, and the Burao Council: General Notice No. 68/1957. The first thing the Republic of Somaliland had was its own specific constitution: “When independence was gained on June 26, 1960, the first Constitution of the independent State of Somaliland came into force. That Constitution was annexed to the Somaliland Order in Council 1960 (S.I. 1960 No. 1060 of June 23, 1960). This Constitution, which consisted of 53 articles and an annex, is significant as it symbolizes the unique legal status Somaliland held as an independent state with full sovereignty, even though it was for a brief period.I will leave off there regarding the sorrowful history that the country and people of Somaliland endured from 1960 until January 1991, after what we lost on July 1st, 1960.What came next? Let us proceedWhen the country of Somaliland took the national decision in 1991 regarding the restoration of its sovereignty, the laws of the previous governments that did not contradict Islamic Sharia and the national decision of Somaliland were temporarily continued until they could be phased out one by one.Now, let us turn to our topic before we delve further: In 1993, the intellectuals of Somaliland gathered in the city of Borama in the Awdal region, and the second grand conference of the Somaliland clans was held, which lasted from January 24th to May 25th, 1993.During that conference, the first constitution possessed by Somaliland since it reclaimed its independence was created and approved. It was named the “National Charter.” The Somaliland National Charter established that it would be an interim document for two years, and it consisted of 31 articles.Article 5 stipulated that within two years, a complete constitution should be prepared and put to a national referendum. Meanwhile, Article 18(3) (j) provided for the undertaking of a national census.The National Charter therefore contained two key provisions relevant to our topic:1. The adoption of a formal constitution2. The conduct of a national censusAlthough the first objective was delayed several times, it was eventually achieved on 31 May 2001, when the official Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland was adopted. However, the second objective—a national census—has still not been implemented to date.Drafting of the ConstitutionIn implementing Articles 5 and 31 of the National Charter adopted at the 1993 Borama Conference, the House of Representatives established a committee of 10 members in mid-1994. This committee was supported by another advisory group of 25 members drawn from different sectors of society.President Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal also appointed a Sudanese legal expert to assist in drafting the constitution.The two-year period set by the Charter expired on 25 April 1995. As the constitution had not yet been completed, Parliament extended the process by 18 months.Subsequently, the third national clan conference was convened in Hargeisa from 16 October 1996 to 23 February 1997. Two draft versions of the constitution were presented:

● One prepared by the parliamentary committee

Garyaqaan Muuse Yuusuf MohamedMember of the Somaliland Lawyers Association (SOLLA)Hargeis

● Another revised version prepared by the Sudanese expertOn 26 November 1996, the conference leadership appointed a 15-member committee to reconcile the two drafts and produce a single final version.This committee produced a unified constitution consisting of 156 articles. On 16 February 1997, the conference approved it as a provisional constitution to be applied for three years.Further Constitutional DevelopmentAfter the third grand conference of the Somaliland communities, the two houses of Parliament—the Representatives and the Guurti—appointed a committee consisting of 24 members (11 from the Guurti and 13 from the Representatives) to re-draft the constitution. In mid-1999, they produced a constitution consisting of 99 articles; however, it was not distributed because, upon review, many people expressed concerns, leading to further amendments and supplements.On February 16, 2000, the interim period of the Constitution expired. Subsequently, the two houses of Parliament granted a one-year extension, and the constitution’s interim status was extended again until the referendum could be held.Ultimately, in March, a constitution consisting of 130 articles reached the two houses of Parliament. On April 30, 2000, the two houses of Parliament approved the draft constitution by a majority vote during a joint session.On May 7, 2000, the Speakers of the two houses of Parliament submitted five copies of the Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland, as approved and signed by the leadership of both houses, to the President of Somaliland at that time.Referendum ProcessIn accordance with Article 125 of the Constitution, the government submitted the Constitutional Referendum Law (Law No. 16/2000) to Parliament. This law came into force on 12 November 2000.President Egal appointed the Constitutional Referendum Commission in accordance with Article 11 of that law.After several delays, preparations for the referendum included:

● Printing 12,000 copies of the Constitution

● Public awareness campaign radio, newspapers, and television

● Distribution of posters and public notices

● Deployment of voting materials to 600 polling stations across SomalilandFinally, on 31 May 2001, the constitutional referendum was held across Somaliland.The provisional results were announced by the Referendum Commission, and on 13 June 2001, the Supreme Court formally validated the final results.On 14 June 2001, President Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal signed and promulgated the Constitution through Presidential Decree Ref: JSL/M/DEC/222-0129/72001, bringing it into orce.

Development of Electoral LawsBetween the parliamentary approval of the Constitution and the referendum, several key laws were enacted:

● Law No. 14 on Political Associations and Party Certification (implemented even before the constitutional referendum)

● This law was amended three timesSubsequently:

● The Presidential and Local Council Elections Law (Law No. 20/2001) was enacted and amended five times

● The House of Representatives Elections Law (Law No. 2/2005) was enacted and amended once

● The Voter Registration Law (Law No. 37/2007) was also introduced Consolidation of Electoral LawsBy 2019, discussions began on consolidating electoral laws into a single framework (excluding Law No. 14).In 2020, a unified titled:“General Elections and Voter Registration Law (Law No. 91/2020)”was enacted.This law was amended once, though the amendment process took considerable time and generated significant political disputes.Ultimately, the law circulated between the legislative and executive branches from 2022 to 2024, when it finally came into force. We will share essays on the History of Elections and the Electoral Laws of Somaliland.This is a brief introduction.

Garyaqaan Muuse Yuusuf

WASIIRKA WASAARADDA CADDALADDA

Markaan Arkay:

In muddo-xileedkii xubnaha Guddida Ruqsad-bixinta iyo Anshax-marinta Qareenada, ee la dhisay taariikhdu markay ahayd 31/12/2023, ay mudo xileedkeeduna dhammaaday.

Markuu Arkay:

Qodobka 16 (1,2,3,5,6& 7) ee Xeerka Qareennada (Xeer Lr.30/2004) ee wax-ka-beddelka iyo kaabista lagu sameeyey

Markaan ka Duulay:Qoraallada kala ah.

1. SOLLA XUQ/XG/34/2026, ee ku tariikhaysan 28/01/2026-Ка, ее ka soo baxay Xafiiska Guddoomiyaha Ururka Qareenad JSL (SOLLA)

2. MS/GWC/G-19/34/2026, ee ku taarikhaysan 14/01/2026-ga, ee ka soo baxay Xafiiska Guddomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare.

3. GW/G/12/113/2026-ka ee ku tarikhaysan 25/04/2026-ka ka soo baxay Xafiiska Guddomiye ku-xigeenka kowaad ahna ku simaha Gud. Golaha Wakiilada JSL.4. GG/JSL/21/101/2026, ee ku taariikhaysan 26-01-2026 ee kasoo baxday xafiiska Guddoomiya Golaha Guurida

Qoralladaas oo ay Hay’adaha ay khusaysaa ku soo Magacaabeen Xubnihii uga mid noqon lahaa Guddida cusub ee Ruqsad-Bixinta iyo Anshax-marinta Qareennada:

Markaan xaqiijiyay:In ay soo dhammaystirmeen Xubnihii ay Hay’addaha khusaysaa u soo Magacaabeen ka mid noqoshada Guddida Ruqsad-bixinta iyo Anshax-marinta ururka Qareennada JSL.

Markaan tixgeliyay:baahida loo qabo in la helo Guddida Ruqsad-bixinta iyo Anshax-marinta Qareennadu, guddidaas oo Dardar gelisa hawlaha shago ee xeerka qareenadu ku waajibinayo:

Waxaan soo saaray wareegto Wasiir ee soo socota:

1. Waxa maanta oo ay taariikhdu tahay 05.05.2026, aan wareegtadan ku dhisay Guddida Ruqsada- bixinta iyo Anshax-marinta Qareennada sida uu dhigayo Wax-ka-beddelka iyo kaabista xeerka qareenadda (Xeer Lr.30/2004).

2. Mudo xileedka Guddida Ruqsada- bixinta iyo Anshax-marinta Qareennada waa laba sano oo ka bilaabmaysa maalinta ay xilka la weeragaan.Xubnaha Guddida Ruqsad-bixinta iyo Anshax-marinta Qareennadu Waxay kala yihiin:1. Agaasimaha Waaxda Mihnadlayaasha Sharci ee Wasaaradda Caddaaladda Axmed Maxamed lidan2. Agaasimaha Waaxda Arrimaha Shuruucda Ibrahim Khadar Siciid3. Xildhibaan Axmed Muuse Jaamac4. Xildhibaan Cali Siciid Cali Nuux5. Garsoore Yaxye Cali Idiris6. Garyagaan Cabdiraxmaan Cali Maxamed7. Garyaqaan Sawda Maxamed XirsiWareegtadan waxa ay dhaqan-galaysaa isla taariikdhu uu wasiirka wasaaradda caddaaladda saxeexo.

Allaa. Mahad. Leh

WASIIRKA WASAARADDA CADDAALADDA

YOONIS AXMED YOONIS

Guddoomiyaha Ururka Qareennada Gobolka Sanaag Oo Ka Hadlay Xiisaddii Ka Dhalatay Buuraleyda Wadaagsin iyo Xaysimo

Guddoomiyaha Ururka Qareennada ee Gobolka Sanaag, Garyaqaan Cali Siciid Jaamac, ayaa hadal nabadeed iyo wacyigelin leh ka jeediyey colaaddii ka bilaabantay deegaanka buuraleyda ah ee Wadaagsin iyo Xaysimo.

Hadalka Garyaqaanka ayaa kusoo beegmay xilli ay jireen dhaqdhaqaaqyo hub urursi ah oo ilaa magaalada Burco laga dareemayey, kadib markii ay soo baxeen hadallo buunbuunin iyo fidno abuur ah oo ay dadka qaar bulshada ku dhex faafiyeen.
Garyaqaan Cali Siciid Jaamac ayaa warbaahinta u mariyey farriin isugu jirtay waano, hogo-tusaalayn iyo baaq nabadeed, taas oo dejisay dareenkii kacsanaa ee bulshada iyo dad badan oo ku mashquulsanaa hub urursiga, kadib markii ay fahmeen in hadalladii la faafinayey aanay ka tarjumin xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee jirta.

Garyaqaanku wuxuu si qoto dheer uga warbixiyey sida bulshada ku dhaqan buuraleyda dahabka laga qodo ay isugu dhex nool yihiin, isaga oo caddeeyey in aanay jirin colaad guud oo deegaanka ka jirta, marka laga reebo khilaafka u dhexeeya labada jifo ee degan Xaysimo iyo Wadaagsin.

Sidoo kale, hadalladiisa oo ay ka muuqatay dejin iyo masuuliyad bulsho ayaa si toos ah ugu wajahnaa qaar kamid ah gobollada iyo bulshada dibadda ka hadlaysay arrinta, isaga oo ugu baaqay inay nabadda ka shaqeeyaan halkii ay xaaladda sii hurin lahaayeen. Wuxuuna yidhi: “Kaalaya nala islaaxiya intaydaan qalad nagu xukumin.”

Waxaa kale oo uu bulshada ku boorriyey inaan la kala fogayn dadka wada ganacsanaya, wada shaqaynaya, isla markaana ku wada nool deegaanka dahabka laga qodo, isagoo sheegay in bulshadaasi ay leedahay isku tiirsanaan nololeed iyo dhaqaale.

Qodobada ugu muhiimsanaa ee hogo-tusaalayntiisa waxaa kamid ahaa in dadka ku dhaqan buuraleyda ay u badan yihiin dhalinyaro hubaysan, taas oo keeni karta falal degdeg ah ama dambiyo dhaca. Hase yeeshee, wuxuu carrabka ku adkeeyey in arrimaha noocaas ah aan loo eegin si qabiilaysan, balse loo baahan yahay qorshe bulsho iyo mid amni oo lagu maareeyo.

Dadaalka iyo doorka uu qaatay Garyaqaan Cali Siciid Jaamac ayaa sidoo kale ka tarjumaya mid kamid ah ujeedooyinka aas-aasiga ah ee loo dhisay Ururka Qareennada iyo guud ahaan bahda qareennada dalka, kuwaas oo ay waajib ka saaran tahay ilaalinta nabadda, kor u qaadista wada noolaanshaha bulshada, difaaca caddaaladda, iyo ka shaqaynta xalinta khilaafaadka si waafaqsan sharciga iyo wada hadalka.

Ururka Qareennadu ma aha oo keliya hay’ad u taagan arrimaha sharciyada iyo difaaca dacwadaha, balse wuxuu door muhiim ah ku leeyahay hagidda bulshada, ka hortagga fidnada, dhiirrigelinta nabadaynta, iyo ilaalinta xasilloonida dalka. Sidaas darteed, hadalka iyo dedaalka uu sameeyey Garyaqaan Cali Siciid Jaamac wuxuu tusaale u yahay masuuliyadda qaran ee saaran bahda qareennada Somaliland.

Ugu dambayn, hadalka Garyaqaan Cali Siciid Jaamac oo sidoo kale xambaarsanaa talooyin wax-ku-ool ah oo uu u jeediyey dhinaca dowladda iyo fariimo uu si toos ah ugu diray dhinacyada isku haya colaadda, ayaa si weyn uga qayb qaatay dejinta xiisaddii taagnayd, isaga oo bulshada u horseeday jihada suluxa, wada hadalka iyo nabadaynta.

Wasaaradda Caddaaladda Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland ayaa maanta magaalada Hargeysa ku qabatay munaasabadda daahfurka Xeerka Adeegga Kaalmo Sharci, xeer muhiim ah oo lagu xoojinayo helitaanka caddaalad loo siman yahay iyo ilaalinta xuquuqda muwaadiniinta.

Munaasabadda ayaa waxaa si rasmi ah u furay Wasiirka Wasaaradda Caddaaladda JSL, Mudane Yoonis Axmed Yoonis, isaga oo uu wehelinayo Agaasimaha Guud ee Wasaaradda, Mudane Maxamuud Cabdirisaaq Cabdi. Wasiirku waxa uu tilmaamay in xeerkani yahay mid laf-dhabar u noqon doona horumarinta nidaamka caddaaladda dalka iyo ballaarinta adeegyada kaalmo sharci ee bulshada.

Madasha daahfurka waxaa ka soo qaybgalay masuuliyiin kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka Guddida Shuruucda ee Golaha Wakiillada, wakiillo ka socday hay’adda UNDP, saraakiil sare oo ka tirsan Ciidanka Asluubta, xubno ka socday Xafiiska Xeer-ilaalinta Guud ee Qaranka, iyo bahda garsoorka oo ay ku jiraan qareenno iyo khubaro sharci.

Ururka Qareenada Somaliland (SOLLA) ayaa isaguna si rasmi ah uga qayb galay munaasabadda, waxaana ka socday laba xubnood oo muhiim ah. Garyaqaan Aamina Xasan oo ka tirsan Guddida Agaasinka (BoD) ee SOLLA ayaa madasha ka jeedisay hadal ay ku matalayso ururka, iyadoo xustay muhiimadda uu xeerkani u leeyahay horumarinta adeegyada kaalmo sharci iyo xaqiijinta caddaalad loo siman yahay. Sidoo kale, Madaxa Barnaamijyada ee Xafiiska SOLLA ayaa ka mid ahaa ka qaybgalayaasha, isaga oo door firfircoon ku lahaa arrimaha la xidhiidha hirgelinta iyo wacyigelinta xeerkan.

Waxaa sidoo kale munaasabadda ka soo qayb galay qaybaha kala duwan ee bulshada rayidka ah, gaar ahaan Ururka Qareennada Haweenka Somaliland (SWLA), lataliyeyaal sharci, iyo masuuliyiin ka socday waaxyaha xuquuqul insaanka iyo horumarinta garsoorka.

Daahfurka xeerkan ayaa loo arkaa tallaabo muhiim ah oo lagu dhisayo nidaam caddaaladeed oo casri ah, daahfuran, isla markaana si siman ugu adeegaya bulshada. Waxa uu sidoo kale muujinayaa sida ay Wasaaradda Caddaaladdu uga go’an tahay xoojinta kalsoonida dadweynaha iyo hufnaanta hay’adaha garsoorka.

Gabagabadii, munaasabaddani waxay iftiimisay jihada cusub ee horumarineed ee caddaaladda dalka, taas oo ku dhisan iskaashi, wada-tashi iyo aragti fog, kuna wajahan dhismaha bulsho ku dhisan caddaalad, nabad iyo horumar waara.

Ujeeddo: Magaacabista Gudida Dhismaha Waaxda Xalinta Cabashooyinka Dadweynaha iyo Qareenadda

Waxaa lagu wargelinayaa dhammaan xubnaha bulshada iyo daneeyayaasha in la magacaabay guddi ka shaqeyn doona dhismaha Waaxda Xalinta Cabashooyinka Dadweynaha iyo Qareenadda. Guddigan ayaa loo xilsaaray in ay dhisaan in waaxdazsi si hufan oo waafaqsan shuruucda u adeegto bulshada, isla markaana ay xal waara u helaan cabashooyinka ka iminaya bulshada.

Mahadsanid

Ururka Qareenada Somaliland ee SOLLA
03/05/2026

Ubax Cabdiraxmaan Oo Dib Loogu Celiyey Xabsiga Ka Dib Rafcaan AyQaadatay Xeer-Ilaalintu14/03/2026Maxkamadda Gobolka Maroodijeex ayaa saaka xukun ku ridday Ubax Cabdiraxmaan, iyadoo ku xukuntay hal (1) sano ooxadhig ah iyo ganaax lacageed oo dhan laba milyan oo Somaliland Shillings (2,000,000 SLSH).